Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Thompson JK[original query] |
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Japanese encephalitis virus live attenuated vaccine strains display altered immunogenicity, virulence and genetic diversity.
Davis EH , Beck AS , Li L , White MM , Greenberg MB , Thompson JK , Widen SG , Barrett ADT , Bourne N . NPJ Vaccines 2021 6 (1) 112 Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the etiological agent of Japanese encephalitis (JE). The most commonly used vaccine used to prevent JE is the live-attenuated strain SA14-14-2, which was generated by serial passage of the wild-type (WT) JEV strain SA14. Two other vaccine candidates, SA14-5-3 and SA14-2-8 were derived from SA14. Both were shown to be attenuated but lacked sufficient immunogenicity to be considered effective vaccines. To better contrast the SA14-14-2 vaccine with its less-immunogenic counterparts, genetic diversity, ribavirin sensitivity, mouse virulence and mouse immunogenicity of the three vaccines were investigated. Next generation sequencing demonstrated that SA14-14-2 was significantly more diverse than both SA14-5-3 and SA14-2-8, and was slightly less diverse than WT SA14. Notably, WT SA14 had unpredictable levels of diversity across its genome whereas SA14-14-2 is highly diverse, but genetic diversity is not random, rather the virus only tolerates variability at certain residues. Using Ribavirin sensitivity in vitro, it was found that SA14-14-2 has a lower fidelity replication complex compared to SA14-5-3 and SA14-2-8. Mouse virulence studies showed that SA14-2-8 was the most virulent of the three vaccine strains while SA14-14-2 had the most favorable combination of safety (virulence) and immunogenicity for all vaccines tested. SA14-14-2 contains genetic diversity and sensitivity to the antiviral Ribavirin similar to WT parent SA14, and this genetic diversity likely explains the (1) differences in genomic sequences reported for SA14-14-2 and (2) the encoding of major attenuation determinants by the viral E protein. |
Using software to predict occupational hearing loss in the mining industry
Azman AS , Li M , Thompson JK . Trans Soc Min Metall Explor Inc 2016 340 92-99 Powerful mining systems typically generate high-level noise that can damage the hearing ability of miners. Engineering noise controls are the most desirable and effective control for overexposure to noise. However, the effects of these noise controls on the actual hearing status of workers are not easily measured. A tool that can provide guidance in assigning workers to jobs based on the noise levels to which they will be exposed is highly desirable. Therefore, the Pittsburgh Mining Research Division (PMRD) of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed a tool to estimate in a systematic way the hearing loss due to occupational noise exposure and to evaluate the effectiveness of developed engineering controls. This computer program is based on the ISO 1999 standard and can be used to estimate the loss of hearing ability caused by occupational noise exposures. In this paper, the functionalities of this software are discussed and several case studies related to mining machinery are presented to demonstrate the functionalities of this software. |
Progress on the US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health hearing loss prevention strategic plan
Murphy WJ , Thompson JK . Noise News International 2015 23 (3) 99-108 In 2006, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) entered the second decade of the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). NORA is a partnership program to stimulate innovative research and improved workplace practices. NORA has served as an organizing framework to plan and conduct critical occupational research and to promote expanded partnerships between the stakeholders such as universities, large and small businesses, professional societies, other government agencies (federal, state, and local), and worker organizations. Following a review by the National Academies Institute of Medicine of the NIOSH Hearing Loss Research program, a comprehensive strategic plan was developed for the Hearing Loss Prevention cross-sector. Six strategic goals were identified: 1) improved surveillance of occupational hearing loss data; 2) reduced noise emission levels from equipment focused on mining, construction, and manufacturing; 3) development of hearing protector technology; 4) development of best practices for hearing loss prevention programs; 5) identification of hearing loss risk factors; and 6) development of updated hearing damage risk criteria that consider exposures incurred during youth, adolescence, and adulthood. This presentation will review progress towards meeting these goals and propose a research agenda for the third decade of NORA research in hearing loss prevention. |
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